Design and Analysis of OFDM System for Powerline Based Communication

Research on digital communication systems has been greatly developed in the past few years and offers a high quality of transmission in both wired and wireless communication environments. Coupled with advances in new modulation techniques, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a well-known digital multicarrier communication technique and one of the best methods of digital data transmission over a limited bandwidth [1]. In this paper, design and analysis of OFDM system for powerline based communication is proposed. In doing so, MATLAB and embedded Digital Signal Processing (DSP) systems are used to simulate the operation of virtual transmitter and receiver. The performance of the system design is then analysed by adding noise (additive white Gaussian noise, Powerline coloured background noise and Middleton Class A noise) in an attempt to corrupt the signal. In this paper results will show that performance is improved by using lower order modulation formats e.g. Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), QPSK, etc. compared to the higher modulation schemes e.g. 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM); as they offer lower data rates but are more robust in the presence of noise. The performance study of OFDM scheme is also examined with and without presence of noise and application of forward error correction (FEC)

Performance Analysis of Discrete Wavelet Multitone Transceiver for Narrowband PLC in Smart Grid

Smart Grid is an abstract idea, which involves the utilization of powerlines for sensing, measurement, control and communication for efficient utilization and distribution of energy, as well as automation of meter reading, load management and capillary control of Green Energy resources connected to the grid. Powerline Communication (PLC) has assumed a new role in the Smart Grid scenario, adopting the narrowband PLC (NB-PLC) for a low cost and low data rate communication for applications such as, automatic meter reading, dynamic management of load, etc. In this paper, we have proposed and simulated a discrete wavelet multitone (DWMT) transceiver in the presence of impulse noise for the NB-PLC channel applications in Smart Grid. The simulation results show that a DWMT transceiver outperforms a DFT-DMT with reference to the bit error rate (BER) performance

Modeling and Control for Smart Grid Integration of Solar/Wind Energy Conversion System

Performance optimization, system reliability and operational efficiency are key characteristics of smart grid systems. In this paper a novel model of smart grid-connected PV/WT hybrid system is developed. It comprises photovoltaic array, wind turbine, asynchronous (induction) generator, controller and converters. The model is implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK software package. Perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is used for maximizing the generated power based on maximum power point tracker (MPPT) implementation. The dynamic behavior of the proposed model is examined under different operating conditions. Solar irradiance, temperature and wind speed data is gathered from a grid connected, 28.8kW solar power system located in central Manchester. Real-time measured parameters are used as inputs for the developed system. The proposed model and its control strategy offer a proper tool for smart grid performance optimization

Modelling and Developing an Intelligent Road Lighting System Using Power-Line Communication

The development of a suitable system which will control street lighting ballasts depending on traffic flow, communicate data between each street light along the Power-Line and sense passing traffic. This paper offers the methodology of the system, environmental benefits, commercial benefits and safety benefits of such a unique system. It also shows topics that have been researched to date and potential future development paths this research could take

Application of Space-Time Diversity/Coding For Power Line Channels

The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the application of space-time block codes to the transmission of digital data over the power-line communication channel (PLC). Data transmitted over the power-line channel is usually corrupted by impulsive noise. In this work we analyse the performance of space-time block codes in this type of environment and show that a significant performance gain can be achieved at almost no processing expense

A Surface-based In-House Network Medium for Power, Communication and Interaction

Recent advances in communication and signal processing methodologies have paved the way for a high speed home network Power Line Communication (PLC) system. The development of powerline communications and powerline control as a cost effective and rapid mechanism for delivering communication and control services are becoming attractive in PLC application, to determine the best mix of hard and software to support infrastructure development for particular applications using power line communication. Integrating appliances in the home through a wired network often proves to be impractical: routing cables is usually difficult, changing the network structure afterwards even more so, and portable devices can only be connected at fixed connection points. Wireless networks aren’t the answer either: batteries have to be regularly replaced or changed, and what they add to the device’s size and weight might be disproportionate for smaller appliances. In Pin&Play, we explore a design space in between typical wired and wireless networks, investigating the use of surfaces to network objects that are attached to it. This article gives an overview of the network model, and describes functioning prototypes that were built as a proof of concept. The first phase of the development is already demonstrated both in appropriate conferences and publications. [1] The intention of researchers is to introduce this work to powerline community; as this research enters phase II of the Pin&Play architecture to investigate, develop prototype systems, and conduct studies in two concrete application areas. The first area is user-centric and concerned with support for collaborative work on large surfaces. The second area is focused on exhibition spaces and trade fairs, and concerned with combination of physical media such as movable walls and digital infrastructure for fast deployment of engaging installations. In this paper we have described the functionality of the Pin&Play architecture and introduced the second phase together with future plans. Figure 1 shows technical approach, using a surface with simple layered structure Pushpin connectors, dual pin or coaxial

A Pilot Fortran Software Library for the Solution of Laplace’s Equation by the Boundary Element Method

The boundary element method (BEM) is developed from the standpoint of software design. The Fortran language is used to produce a structured library for solving Laplace’s equation in various domain topologies and dimensions with generalised boundary conditions. Subroutines that compute the discrete Laplace operators, which are the core components for populating the matrices in the BEM, are developed. The main subroutines for solving Laplace’s equation in 2D, 3D and axisymmetric cases for open and closed boundaries are introduced. The methods are demonstrated on test problems

Quadrature Rules for Functions with a Mid-point Logarithmic Singularity in the Boundary Element Method based on the x=tp Substitution

Quadrature rules for evaluating singular integrals that typically occur in the boundary element method (BEM) for two-dimensional and axisymmetric threedimensional problems are considered. This paper focuses on the numerical integration of the functions on the standard domain [-1,1], with a logarithmic singularity at the centre. The subtitution x=tp, where p(>3) is an odd integer is given particular attention, since this returns a regular integral and the domain unchanged. Gauss-Legendre quadrature rules are applied to the transformed integrals for a number of values of p. It is shown that a high values for p typically gives more accurate results

TOPOLOGICAL DESCRIPTORS OF H-NAPHTALENIC NANOTUBES

Topological descriptors are the numerical indices based on the topology of the atoms and their bonds (chemical conformation, quartenary structure). In this paper, counting topological descriptor called "szeged index", of H-naphtalenic nanotubes is strong-minded

USING DYNAMIC PRE-ACTIVATION OF STEEL SURFACES FOR NITRIDING INTENSIFICATION

The article considers the possibility of pre-activation of the steel surface before nitriding. A complex dynamic method of material activation with a high-speed flow of powder particles (super deep penetration) was used. To exclude the influence of alloying elements, low-carbon steel (2% wt. C) was chosen as the initial material. Powders of NaF (> 250 μm) and Pb